Antwerpen, Belgium - Stolpersteine
Information: Wikipedia
A Stolperstein literally "stumbling stone", metaphorically a "stumbling block" is a sett-size, 10 by 10 centimetres (3.9 in × 3.9 in) concrete cube bearing a brass plate inscribed with the name and life dates of victims of Nazi extermination or persecution.
The Stolpersteine project, initiated by the German artist Gunter Demnig in 1992, aims to commemorate individuals at exactly the last place of residency—or, sometimes, work—which was freely chosen by the person before he or she fell victim to Nazi terror, euthanasia, eugenics, was deported to a concentration or extermination camp, or escaped persecution by emigration or suicide. As of 29 March 2018, over 67,000 Stolpersteine have been laid in 22 countries, making the Stolpersteine project the world's largest decentralized memorial.
The majority of Stolpersteine commemorate Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Others have been placed for Sinti and Romani people (then also called "gypsies"), homosexuals, the physically or mentally disabled, Jehovah's Witnesses, black people, members of the Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, and the anti-Nazi Resistance, the Christian opposition (both Protestants and Catholics), and Freemasons, along with International Brigade soldiers in the Spanish Civil War, military deserters, conscientious objectors, escape helpers, capitulators, "habitual criminals", looters, and others charged with treason, military disobedience, or undermining the Nazi military, as well as Allied soldiers.
On Friday 23rd June 2023 four stumbling stones ware placed at the Lange Kievitstraat 46 in memory of
- Eugenia Steil
- Adolf Steil
- Eliza Meizeles
- Marck Steil
16 next of kin were present at the placement of the stones. One of those relatives is Simon Steil, the second son of Adolf and Eugenia. He was 4 years old when the Germans entered the house through the garden at the back and still remembers how they rounded up his older brother Marck in the garden. Someone had hidden Simon in a cupboard and so he escaped deportation and certain death in Auschwitz as a four-year-old toddler. Through the resistance he was able to go into hiding in Wallonia and survived the war. Oscar Bohnen provided the musical accompaniment.