Information: Wikipedia

A Stolperstein literally "stumbling stone", metaphorically a "stumbling block" is a sett-size, 10 by 10 centimetres (3.9 in × 3.9 in) concrete cube bearing a brass plate inscribed with the name and life dates of victims of Nazi extermination or persecution.

The Stolpersteine project, initiated by the German artist Gunter Demnig in 1992, aims to commemorate individuals at exactly the last place of residency—or, sometimes, work—which was freely chosen by the person before he or she fell victim to Nazi terror, euthanasia, eugenics, was deported to a concentration or extermination camp, or escaped persecution by emigration or suicide. As of 29 March 2018, over 67,000 Stolpersteine have been laid in 22 countries, making the Stolpersteine project the world's largest decentralized memorial.

The majority of Stolpersteine commemorate Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Others have been placed for Sinti and Romani people (then also called "gypsies"), homosexuals, the physically or mentally disabled, Jehovah's Witnesses, black people, members of the Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, and the anti-Nazi Resistance, the Christian opposition (both Protestants and Catholics), and Freemasons, along with International Brigade soldiers in the Spanish Civil War, military deserters, conscientious objectors, escape helpers, capitulators, "habitual criminals", looters, and others charged with treason, military disobedience, or undermining the Nazi military, as well as Allied soldiers.

Why black?

Most stumbling blocks are golden. This is due to a brass top layer. The boulders in our city look very different. How come? The Helmond working group contacted Gunter Demnig's organization to have bricks made, but they could not give any guarantees about the manufacture. Fortunately, the company Noten Grafmonumenten wanted to participate in the project. This is how the Helmond stumbling stone was designed: a black granite stone measuring 15 by 15 centimetres.

Born in Moers, 26 June 1901 – Died in Auschwitz, 31 August 1944.  Reached the age of 43 years. Occupation: Perfume and houseware merchant.

Born in Neuss, 2 September 1884 – Died in Auschwitz, 8 April 1944.  Reached the age of 59 years.

Born in Oberhausen, 7 January 1877 – Died in Auschwitz, 8 April 1944.  Reached the age of 67 years.

Born in Neuss, 12 March 1908 – Died in Auschwitz, 31 August 1944.  Reached the age of 36. years

Born in Sint-Oedenrode, 16 June 1893 – Died in Auschwitz, 31 January 1944. Reached the age of 50 years.

Born in Rotterdam, 28 October 1899 – Died in Auschwitz, 31 January 1944.  Reached the age of 44 years.

Born in Rotterdam, 29 January 1923 – Died in Auschwitz, 31 January 1944.  Reached the age of 21 years.

Andries is a draper merchant and sales representative. He gets married on 14 July 1921 in Rotterdam to Maria van Leeuwen (born Rotterdam 28 October 1899).  Their daughter Milly was born on January 29, 1923. The family lived at various addresses in Rotterdam until 1936 and then moved to Luybenstraat in Den Bosch, where they lived until they went into hiding.

Milly attends the Nuts-ULO school in Den Bosch and passed her A diploma in 1940. She goes to fashion school in Amsterdam where she met Eduard Vos and got engaged on September 14, 1941.  Eddy is deported to Auschwitz on September 4, 1942. He will also be 80 km. taken off the train for Auschwitz and put to work in the Kosel camps. On March 31, 1944, he is no longer alive.

According to information from the Joodsche Raad, the Koppens family was deported to Auschwitz on 15 November 1943.

Born in Uetersen, D, 21 May 1903 – Died in Ellrich, 17 November 1944. Reached the age of 41 years.

Born in Dortmund, 20 May 1892 – Died in Auschwitz, 3 August 1944. Reached the age of 52 years.

Born in Venlo, 25 September 1934 – Died in Auschwitz,.3 August 1944. Reached the age of 9 years.

Born in Harderwijk, 11 May 1942 – Died in Auschwitz, 22 May 1944. Reached the age of 2 years.

Born in Masnin, 26 November 1919 – Died in Germany, 1 November 1944.

Born in Merksem, 4 November 1927 – Died in Auschwitz, 22 May 1944. Reached the age of 16 years.

Born in Nijmegen, 9 May 1929 – Died in Auschwitz, 3 August 1944.  Reached the age of 15 years.

Born in Roermond, 8 March 1914 – Died in Ellrich, 11 January 1945. Reached the age of 30 years.

On May 16, 1944, the Hanstein family was arrested at the Scheidijk caravan camp in Helmond and deported to Westerbork camp. Two people managed to escape during the trip to the police station and survived the Second World War. The rest of the family was killed with the exception of Stephanus (Tatta) Hanstein, who survived several concentration camps.

Born in Amsterdam, 19 February 1894 – Died in Auschwitz, 15 December 1942. Reached the age of 48 years. Occupation: Cigar maker

Born in Amsterdam, 24 April 1891 – Died in Auschwitz, 11 December 1942.  Reached the age of 51 years.

Born in Amsterdam, 10 June 1921 – Died in Auschwitz, 11 December 1942.  Reached the age of 21 years. Occupation: Musician.

Samuel Lobe was born on 19 February 1894 in Amsterdam, the son of merchant Daniel Lobe and Rachel de Hoop. At the age of 26 he married Mietje Spier (born 24 April 1891) on 29 July 1920 in Amsterdam. On June 10, 1921, daughter Rachel is born, named after her grandmother. They call her Elly.

Born in Goch, 10 May 1899 – Died Midden-Europa, 31 March 1944. Reached the age of 44 years. Occupation: Draperies merchant.

Born in Neersen, 15 March 1907 – Died in Auschwitz, 3 September 1942. Reached the age of 35 years.

Born in Berlin, 21 December 1934 – Died in Auschwitz, 3 September 1942. Reached the age of 7 years.

On the 28th of August 1942 they were taken to Camp Westerbork near Apeldoorn, where they stayed for two days. On the 31rst of August they were deported to Auschwitz by train with 565 other jewish people. They arrived on the 1rst of September.

Herta and Peter were killed on the 3rd of September 1942. Peter was seven years old when he died. Peter´s father Max survived until the 31.3.1944, when he died in Central Europe.